Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Demand Response Program

This study presents an optimal framework for the operation of integrated energy systems using demand response programs. The main goal of integrated energy systems is to optimally supply various demands using different energy carriers such as electricity, heating, and cooling. Considering the power market price, this work investigates the effects of multiple energy storage devices and demand response programs, including the time of use pricing, real-time pricing, and integrated demand response on optimal operation of energy hub. Moreover, impacts of different optimization methods are evaluated on the optimal scheduling of multi-carrier energy systems. Maximizing profits of selling electrical energy and minimizing the purchasing cost of input carrier energies are considered as objective functions to indicate bidirectional interchanges of energy hub systems with the power grid. To minimize the generation cost of energy carriers, a new quadratic objective function is also optimized using genetic algorithm. In this study, optimal operation of the energy hub based on the proposed quadratic objective function is an economic dispatch problem where the purchasing electrical power by the energy hub is considered as a load of the upstream grid. The optimization problem is implemented in the sample energy hub to indicate the effectiveness of different energy storage roles and applied demand response programs in the optimal operation of energy hub systems.